解决MAC电脑Python证书问题

certificate verify failed: unable to get local issuer certificate (_ssl.c:997)

通过Homebrew安装的python，在下载在线包时，常出现证书未安装问题
且找不到常规安装所需要的 Install Certificates.command文件

临时解决：关闭SSL校验

import ssl
ssl._create_default_https_context = ssl._create_unverified_context

正确答案

• 从官网下载Python，找到Install Certificates.command文件，打开并修改安装位置（如下图，改为自己的Python位置），保存，点击安装

• 若不想重新下载Python，可直接新建一个Install Certificates.command，代码如下

#!/bin/sh
# 下面这行改为你Python的位置
/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.10/bin/python3.10 << "EOF"

# install_certifi.py
#
# sample script to install or update a set of default Root Certificates
# for the ssl module.  Uses the certificates provided by the certifi package:
#       https://pypi.org/project/certifi/

import os
import os.path
import ssl
import stat
import subprocess
import sys

STAT_0o775 = ( stat.S_IRUSR | stat.S_IWUSR | stat.S_IXUSR
             | stat.S_IRGRP | stat.S_IWGRP | stat.S_IXGRP
             | stat.S_IROTH |                stat.S_IXOTH )

def main():
    openssl_dir, openssl_cafile = os.path.split(
        ssl.get_default_verify_paths().openssl_cafile)

    print(" -- pip install --upgrade certifi")
    subprocess.check_call([sys.executable,
        "-E", "-s", "-m", "pip", "install", "--upgrade", "certifi"])

    import certifi

    # change working directory to the default SSL directory
    os.chdir(openssl_dir)
    relpath_to_certifi_cafile = os.path.relpath(certifi.where())
    print(" -- removing any existing file or link")
    try:
        os.remove(openssl_cafile)
    except FileNotFoundError:
        pass
    print(" -- creating symlink to certifi certificate bundle")
    os.symlink(relpath_to_certifi_cafile, openssl_cafile)
    print(" -- setting permissions")
    os.chmod(openssl_cafile, STAT_0o775)
    print(" -- update complete")

if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()
EOF